人口结构 Population structure
人口结构
按年龄段查看中国、日本、韩国 2025–2050 年人口规模与占比变化。总人口会把内部变化平均掉， 更重要的是哪些年龄段在收缩、哪些在扩张；使用同一 WPP 2024 Medium 可比口径观察人口波动。
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数据速览：分年龄段人口
下表列出中国 2025—2050 年每 5 年一个节点的各年龄段人口规模与占比。总人口的变化会掩盖内部结构的重排， 真正决定住房、消费与劳动力走向的是各年龄段各自的收缩与扩张。
| 年龄段 | 2025 | 2030 | 2035 | 2040 | 2045 | 2050 | 2025→2050 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0–14 岁 | 22,26915.7% | 17,42512.4% | 13,2519.6% | 12,5909.4% | 12,6739.7% | 12,5839.9% | -43.5% |
| 15–24 岁 | 16,32111.5% | 17,29612.4% | 17,16712.5% | 13,0129.7% | 8,9506.8% | 8,2026.5% | -49.7% |
| 25–34 岁 | 18,60113.1% | 16,19711.6% | 16,09511.7% | 17,08112.7% | 16,96612.9% | 12,83610.1% | -31.0% |
| 35–44 岁 | 22,08715.6% | 22,15015.8% | 18,52213.5% | 16,15412.0% | 16,06612.3% | 17,05613.5% | -22.8% |
| 45–59 岁 | 32,64323.0% | 30,73722.0% | 30,69822.3% | 31,56623.4% | 29,78022.7% | 25,86020.4% | -20.8% |
| 60–64 岁 | 8,8806.3% | 11,1618.0% | 11,1948.1% | 8,7136.5% | 9,5027.3% | 11,2468.9% | +26.6% |
| 65–74 岁 | 13,6219.6% | 14,92910.7% | 18,29113.3% | 20,45715.2% | 18,27714.0% | 16,96713.4% | +24.6% |
| 75–84 岁 | 5,8264.1% | 8,2925.9% | 9,9037.2% | 11,2488.4% | 14,20710.8% | 16,00812.7% | +174.8% |
| 85 岁以上 | 1,5271.1% | 1,8401.3% | 2,5001.8% | 3,7962.8% | 4,5953.5% | 5,7874.6% | +279.1% |
数据来源：UN_WPP_2024_MEDIUM_SINGLE_AGE（UN World Population Prospects 2024 中方案）。 人口单位为万人，占比为该年龄段占总人口比例。2025 年为预测口径，非实际统计值； 中国 2025 年实际值见「数据与方法」页的官方口径对照。
展开日本、韩国的同口径数据表
| 年龄段 | 2025 | 2030 | 2035 | 2040 | 2045 | 2050 | 2025→2050 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0–14 岁 | 1,39911.3% | 1,25510.5% | 1,16910.1% | 1,16710.4% | 1,18610.9% | 1,18511.2% | -15.3% |
| 15–24 岁 | 1,1789.5% | 1,1649.7% | 1,0869.3% | 9588.5% | 8647.9% | 8498.0% | -27.9% |
| 25–34 岁 | 1,2169.9% | 1,22410.2% | 1,25510.8% | 1,23911.0% | 1,16010.6% | 1,0319.8% | -15.2% |
| 35–44 岁 | 1,39611.3% | 1,24310.4% | 1,16610.0% | 1,17510.4% | 1,20811.1% | 1,19411.3% | -14.5% |
| 45–59 岁 | 2,70221.9% | 2,56621.4% | 2,21019.0% | 1,93017.1% | 1,77016.3% | 1,71916.3% | -36.4% |
| 60–64 岁 | 7636.2% | 8266.9% | 9638.3% | 8307.4% | 7036.5% | 6205.9% | -18.7% |
| 65–74 岁 | 1,53112.4% | 1,43211.9% | 1,50913.0% | 1,70815.2% | 1,71215.7% | 1,46913.9% | -4.0% |
| 75–84 岁 | 1,46211.8% | 1,47512.3% | 1,29211.1% | 1,23210.9% | 1,31712.1% | 1,51014.3% | +3.3% |
| 85 岁以上 | 6965.6% | 8086.7% | 9768.4% | 1,0149.0% | 9718.9% | 9689.2% | +39.1% |
| 年龄段 | 2025 | 2030 | 2035 | 2040 | 2045 | 2050 | 2025→2050 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0–14 岁 | 53710.4% | 4408.6% | 3867.7% | 3797.7% | 3697.8% | 3557.8% | -33.9% |
| 15–24 岁 | 5089.8% | 4889.5% | 4468.9% | 3457.0% | 2896.1% | 2886.3% | -43.3% |
| 25–34 岁 | 71213.8% | 62912.3% | 54010.7% | 51510.5% | 4709.9% | 3678.1% | -48.5% |
| 35–44 岁 | 72214.0% | 68213.3% | 69013.7% | 60512.3% | 51410.8% | 48910.8% | -32.3% |
| 45–59 岁 | 1,25024.2% | 1,20523.5% | 1,08521.5% | 1,05221.4% | 99120.9% | 93520.6% | -25.2% |
| 60–64 岁 | 4198.1% | 4198.2% | 4268.4% | 3707.5% | 3777.9% | 3106.8% | -25.9% |
| 65–74 岁 | 59811.6% | 74214.5% | 78615.6% | 79716.2% | 75215.9% | 71015.6% | +18.7% |
| 75–84 岁 | 3086.0% | 3637.1% | 4929.8% | 61312.5% | 65613.8% | 67414.9% | +119.2% |
| 85 岁以上 | 1172.3% | 1573.1% | 1893.7% | 2354.8% | 3256.8% | 4099.0% | +250.9% |