数据来源与引用 Data Sources & Citations

数据来源与引用

本页列出产品使用的原始网站和数据集。每条来源都保留其统计时点、数据轨道、版本和在本产品中的使用范围。

返回项目资料 →查看数据与方法 →

已复核 22/38 个来源；16 个来源缺少复核记录

国际

United Nations, DESA, Population Division

国际数据集projection

World Population Prospects 2024 — Population by Single Age and Sex, Medium Variant

来源 ID：UN_WPP_2024_MEDIUM_SINGLE_AGE

统计时点：Official annual population timing: January 1 (00:00) of year.版本：WPP 2024发布：2024来源复核：2026-08-19

时间范围: 2024–2100
变量: population by single age and sex、fertility、mortality、migration、projection variant
更新频率: revision-specific
数据限制: Use the source's own definitions and reference dates; do not infer unavailable local or causal effects.
一手来源: 是
官方数据: 是
学术研究: 否
产品二次计算: 否
地理粒度: global / country
访问层级: public-download

用途：Core comparable projection source for CN/JP/KR. 打开原始网站 ↗

国际

Probabilistic Projections Group, University of Washington

数据桥接projection

wpp2024 R package — annual single-age projection matrices derived from UN WPP 2024

来源 ID：PPGP_WPP2024_BRIDGE

统计时点：Package treats annual population as Dec 31 of package year; package year Y corresponds to official UN Jan 1 of Y+1.版本：1.1-3发布：2024来源复核：2026-08-19

时间范围: 2024–2100
变量: population by single age and sex、fertility、mortality、migration、projection matrices
更新频率: revision-specific
数据限制: Use the source's own definitions and reference dates; do not infer unavailable local or causal effects.
一手来源: 否
官方数据: 否
学术研究: 否
产品二次计算: 否
地理粒度: global / country
访问层级: public-table

用途：Used only as a transport/provenance bridge because the runtime could not directly persist the official .csv.gz. Target UN year T is read from package text column T-1. 打开原始网站 ↗

中国

National Bureau of Statistics of China

官方统计actual

Statistical Communiqué of the People's Republic of China on the 2025 National Economic and Social Development / 2025 population analysis

来源 ID：CN_NBS_2025_YEAR_END

统计时点：Year-end 2025 (Dec 31) for population stock; births/deaths are calendar-year flows.版本：2025 year-end发布：2026来源复核：2026-08-19

时间范围: 2025
变量: year-end population、births、deaths、headline age groups
更新频率: annual
数据限制: Use the source's own definitions and reference dates; do not infer unavailable local or causal effects.
一手来源: 是
官方数据: 是
学术研究: 否
产品二次计算: 否
地理粒度: national
访问层级: public-table

用途：Preferred source for China 2025 year-end actual total population, births/deaths and headline age groups. 打开原始网站 ↗

中国

National Bureau of Statistics of China

官方统计actual

Main Data Bulletin of the 2025 National 1% Population Sample Survey

来源 ID：CN_NBS_2025_1PCT_SAMPLE

统计时点：Nov 1, 2025 00:00版本：2025 1% sample发布：2026来源复核：2026-09-03

时间范围: 2025-11-01
变量: population、households、coarse age groups、average household size
更新频率: census / one-off release
数据限制: Use the source's own definitions and reference dates; do not infer unavailable local or causal effects.
一手来源: 是
官方数据: 是
学术研究: 否
产品二次计算: 否
地理粒度: national
访问层级: public-table

用途：Preferred China source for family households, average family household size, and Nov-1 age structure. The public age table reports only coarse groups (0–14, 15–59, 60+ and 65+), so it cannot be re-aggregated into this product's nine mutually exclusive buckets; China nine-bucket Actual remains Data Gap. 打开原始网站 ↗

中国

National Bureau of Statistics of China

官方统计actual

China Statistical Yearbook 2021, Table 2-17 Population by Age and Sex (2020)

来源 ID：CN_NBS_2020_CENSUS_AGE_DETAIL

统计时点：November 1, 2020 00:00, Seventh National Population Census版本：2020 Seventh National Population Census发布：2021来源复核：2026-09-03

时间范围: 2020-11-01
变量: population by age and sex、five-year age groups、open-ended 80+ group
更新频率: census / one-off release
数据限制: Use the source's own definitions and reference dates; do not infer unavailable local or causal effects.
一手来源: 是
官方数据: 是
学术研究: 否
产品二次计算: 否
地理粒度: national
访问层级: public-table

用途：Official detailed age table used for gap assessment. It publishes five-year groups through 75–79 and an open-ended 80+ group, so 75–84 and 85+ cannot both be reconstructed; it is not loaded as a nine-bucket Actual series. 打开原始网站 ↗

日本

Statistics Bureau of Japan

官方统计actual

Population Estimates

来源 ID：JP_STATISTICS_BUREAU_POP_ESTIMATES

统计时点：Annual single-year age/sex estimates are released for October 1; monthly estimates use first day of month.版本：ongoing来源复核：2026-09-03

时间范围: ongoing series
变量: population by age and sex、monthly population estimates、annual population estimates、reference-date population
更新频率: annual / ongoing
数据限制: Use the source's own definitions and reference dates; do not infer unavailable local or causal effects.
一手来源: 是
官方数据: 是
学术研究: 否
产品二次计算: 否
地理粒度: national
访问层级: public-download

用途：Official actual track for Japan. 2020 is retained as a separate 2020 Population Census anchor because the surrounding 2016–2019 and 2021–2024 tables sit on different revision bases; 2016–2019 are not silently relabeled. 打开原始网站 ↗

日本

National Institute of Population and Social Security Research (Japan)

官方预测projection

Population Projections for Japan: 2021–2070 (2023 Revision)

来源 ID：JP_IPSS_POP_PROJECTION_2023

统计时点：Official Japanese projection definitions; use source tables for exact timing.版本：2023 revision发布：2023来源复核：2026-08-19

时间范围: 2021–2070
变量: population、age structure、fertility and mortality variants、migration、projection assumptions
更新频率: revision-specific
数据限制: Use the source's own definitions and reference dates; do not infer unavailable local or causal effects.
一手来源: 是
官方数据: 是
学术研究: 否
产品二次计算: 否
地理粒度: national
访问层级: public-table

用途：Official national projection track for Japan. 打开原始网站 ↗

日本

National Institute of Population and Social Security Research (Japan)

官方预测projection

Household Projections for Japan: 2020–2050 (2024 Projection)

来源 ID：JP_IPSS_HOUSEHOLD_PROJECTION_2024

统计时点：See official IPSS tables.版本：2024 projection / report published 2025发布：2025来源复核：2026-08-19

时间范围: 2020–2050
变量: households、household size、household composition、projection assumptions
更新频率: revision-specific
数据限制: Use the source's own definitions and reference dates; do not infer unavailable local or causal effects.
一手来源: 是
官方数据: 是
学术研究: 否
产品二次计算: 否
地理粒度: national
访问层级: public-table

用途：Official household projection track for Japan; supersedes older household-projection references. 打开原始网站 ↗

韩国

Ministry of Data and Statistics / Statistics Korea

官方预测projection

Population Projections for Korea: 2022–2072

来源 ID：KR_MODS_POP_PROJECTION_2022_2072

统计时点：See official projection methodology.版本：2022–2072发布：2023来源复核：2026-08-19

时间范围: 2022–2072
变量: population、age structure、fertility、mortality、migration、high/medium/low assumptions
更新频率: revision-specific
数据限制: Use the source's own definitions and reference dates; do not infer unavailable local or causal effects.
一手来源: 是
官方数据: 是
学术研究: 否
产品二次计算: 否
地理粒度: national
访问层级: public-table

用途：Official national projection track for Korea. 打开原始网站 ↗

韩国

Ministry of Data and Statistics / Statistics Korea

官方预测projection

Household Projections for Korea: 2022–2052

来源 ID：KR_MODS_HOUSEHOLD_PROJECTION_2022_2052

统计时点：See official projection methodology.版本：2022–2052发布：2024来源复核：2026-08-19

时间范围: 2022–2052
变量: households、household size、household composition、projection assumptions
更新频率: revision-specific
数据限制: Use the source's own definitions and reference dates; do not infer unavailable local or causal effects.
一手来源: 是
官方数据: 是
学术研究: 否
产品二次计算: 否
地理粒度: national
访问层级: public-table

用途：Official household projection: total households peak at 24.37m in 2041. 打开原始网站 ↗

日本

Statistics Bureau of Japan

官方统计actual

2023 Housing and Land Survey — Final Results

来源 ID：JP_STATISTICS_BUREAU_HOUSING_2023

统计时点：Housing and household conditions as of October 1, 2023.版本：2023 survey final results发布：2024来源复核：2026-08-19

时间范围: 2023-10-01
变量: dwellings、households、vacant dwellings、housing conditions
更新频率: one-off release or revision
数据限制: Use the source's own definitions and reference dates; do not infer unavailable local or causal effects.
一手来源: 是
官方数据: 是
学术研究: 否
产品二次计算: 否
地理粒度: national
访问层级: public-table

用途：Official source for Japanese housing stock and vacancy evidence. 打开原始网站 ↗

日本

Statistics Bureau of Japan

官方统计actual

Family Income and Expenditure Survey / Statistical Handbook of Japan 2025

来源 ID：JP_STATISTICS_BUREAU_FIES_2024

统计时点：2024 yearly averages.版本：2024 annual household expenditure summarized in Statistical Handbook 2025发布：2025来源复核：2026-08-19

时间范围: 2024
变量: household income、household expenditure、consumption categories、household size
更新频率: one-off release or revision
数据限制: Use the source's own definitions and reference dates; do not infer unavailable local or causal effects.
一手来源: 是
官方数据: 是
学术研究: 否
产品二次计算: 否
地理粒度: national
访问层级: public-table

用途：Official source for lifecycle consumption, elderly household drawdown and one-person household consumption baskets. 打开原始网站 ↗

日本

Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (Japan)

官方统计mixed

Future Vision for Improving Japan’s Higher Education / demographic capacity discussion

来源 ID：JP_MEXT_HIGHER_EDUCATION_DEMOGRAPHY

统计时点：Policy analysis of declining 18-year-old population and higher-education capacity.版本：current policy materials发布：2025来源复核：2026-08-19

时间范围: current policy materials
变量: 18-year-old cohort、higher-education enrolment demand、institutional capacity、reorganization policy
更新频率: one-off release or revision
数据限制: Use the source's own definitions and reference dates; do not infer unavailable local or causal effects.
一手来源: 是
官方数据: 是
学术研究: 否
产品二次计算: 否
地理粒度: national
访问层级: public-table

用途：Official MEXT evidence that declining 18-year-old cohorts require review of enrollment capacity and institutional reorganization. 打开原始网站 ↗

韩国

Ministry of Data and Statistics / Statistics Korea

官方统计actual

Internal Migration in 2025

来源 ID：KR_MODS_INTERNAL_MIGRATION_2025

统计时点：Calendar-year internal migration in 2025.版本：2025发布：2026来源复核：2026-08-19

时间范围: 2025
变量: internal migration、migration rate、migration reasons、regional net migration
更新频率: one-off release or revision
数据限制: Use the source's own definitions and reference dates; do not infer unavailable local or causal effects.
一手来源: 是
官方数据: 是
学术研究: 否
产品二次计算: 否
地理粒度: national
访问层级: public-table

用途：Official source for Seoul Capital Area net migration and migration reasons. 打开原始网站 ↗

韩国

Ministry of Data and Statistics / Statistics Korea

官方统计actual

2024 Population and Housing Census (Register-based Census)

来源 ID：KR_MODS_PHC_2024

统计时点：November 1, 2024.版本：2024 register-based census发布：2025来源复核：2026-08-19

时间范围: 2024-11-01
变量: population、households、housing units、age structure、capital-area concentration
更新频率: one-off release or revision
数据限制: Use the source's own definitions and reference dates; do not infer unavailable local or causal effects.
一手来源: 是
官方数据: 是
学术研究: 否
产品二次计算: 否
地理粒度: national
访问层级: public-table

用途：Official source for Capital Area concentration, household size and one-person households. 打开原始网站 ↗

韩国

Ministry of Data and Statistics / Statistics Korea

官方统计actual

2020 Population and Housing Census (Register-based Census)

来源 ID：KR_MODS_PHC_2020

统计时点：November 1, 2020.版本：2020 register-based census发布：2021来源复核：2026-08-19

时间范围: 2020-11-01
变量: population、households、housing units、age structure
更新频率: one-off release or revision
数据限制: Use the source's own definitions and reference dates; do not infer unavailable local or causal effects.
一手来源: 是
官方数据: 是
学术研究: 否
产品二次计算: 否
地理粒度: national
访问层级: public-table

用途：Official 2020 Register-based Population and Housing Census; used as a census high-watermark reference, not a strict all-series national peak. 打开原始网站 ↗

韩国

Ministry of Data and Statistics / Statistics Korea

官方统计actual

Resident Population in Five-Year Age Groups (2011~)

来源 ID：KR_KOSIS_RESIDENT_AGE_5Y

统计时点：Annual resident population; see KOSIS table metadata for the resident-population reference definition.版本：annual files 2011–2024发布：ongoing来源复核：2026-09-03

时间范围: 2011–2024
变量: resident population、five-year age groups、sex、annual reference population
更新频率: annual / ongoing
数据限制: Use the source's own definitions and reference dates; do not infer unavailable local or causal effects.
一手来源: 是
官方数据: 是
学术研究: 否
产品二次计算: 否
地理粒度: national
访问层级: public-table

用途：KOSIS official annual resident population by five-year age group; annual files from 2011 through 2024 are normalized here into the product's nine buckets for historical structure checks. It is not merged with the register-based census series or WPP Projection. 打开原始网站 ↗

韩国

Ministry of Trade, Industry and Resources (Republic of Korea)

官方政策/报告not_applicable

Manufacturing AI Transformation (M.AX) policy and alliance updates

来源 ID：KR_MOTIR_MAX_2026

统计时点：Policy status in 2026.版本：August 2026发布：2026来源复核：2026-08-19

时间范围: 2026
变量: M.AX alliance organizations、manufacturing AI programs、policy milestones
更新频率: one-off release or revision
数据限制: Use the source's own definitions and reference dates; do not infer unavailable local or causal effects.
一手来源: 是
官方数据: 是
学术研究: 否
产品二次计算: 否
地理粒度: national
访问层级: public-table

用途：Official evidence for manufacturing AI/automation response to structural labor and productivity constraints; M.AX Alliance around 1,500 organizations by Aug 2026. 打开原始网站 ↗

韩国

Samsung Electronics

公司披露actual

Facts & Figures — 2025 Economic Performance

来源 ID：SAMSUNG_2025_FACTS_FIGURES

统计时点：Full-year 2025 consolidated performance.版本：2025发布：2026来源复核：2026-08-24

时间范围: FY2025
变量: annual sales、operating profit、regional sales、reported business measures
更新频率: one-off release or revision
数据限制: Use the source's own definitions and reference dates; do not infer unavailable local or causal effects.
一手来源: 否
官方数据: 否
学术研究: 否
产品二次计算: 否
地理粒度: national
访问层级: public-web

用途：Primary company disclosure used to illustrate global revenue exposure. FY2025 sales, operating profit and regional sales figures rechecked against the official Facts & Figures page on 2026-08-24打开原始网站 ↗

中国

National Bureau of Statistics of China

官方统计actual

Annual national population series

来源 ID：CN_NBS_ANNUAL_POPULATION_SERIES

统计时点：Year-end annual population stock.版本：annual series through 2025发布：2026来源复核：2026-08-19

时间范围: annual through 2025
变量: annual population stock、births、deaths、age structure
更新频率: annual
数据限制: Use the source's own definitions and reference dates; do not infer unavailable local or causal effects.
一手来源: 是
官方数据: 是
学术研究: 否
产品二次计算: 否
地理粒度: national
访问层级: public-table

用途：Used for demographic-time total-population turning-point reference; annual series reached a high in 2021 before declining. 打开原始网站 ↗

日本

Statistics Bureau of Japan

官方统计actual

Statistical Handbook of Japan 2009 / Population Estimates

来源 ID：JP_STATISTICS_BUREAU_POPULATION_TURN_2009

统计时点：Population Estimates mainly October 1; handbook also reports Dec 2004 monthly peak.版本：Statistical Handbook of Japan 2009发布：2009来源复核：2026-08-19

时间范围: 2009
变量: population estimates、prefecture population、age structure、migration indicators
更新频率: one-off release or revision
数据限制: Use the source's own definitions and reference dates; do not infer unavailable local or causal effects.
一手来源: 是
官方数据: 是
学术研究: 否
产品二次计算: 否
地理粒度: national
访问层级: public-table

用途：Official source: total population peaked at 127.84m in Dec 2004; 2008 working-age population was continuing its decline since 1996, supporting 1995 as a turning-point reference. 打开原始网站 ↗

日本

Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare (Japan)

官方统计actual

Long-term Care Insurance Service Status Report, December 2025 (provisional)

来源 ID：JP_MHLW_CARE_INSURANCE_2025

统计时点：Monthly long-term-care service and benefit reporting.版本：December 2025 provisional report发布：2026来源复核：缺少复核记录

时间范围: 2025-12
变量: long-term care insured persons、service users、benefit expenditure、care-service providers
更新频率: monthly
数据限制: Use the source's own definitions and reference dates; do not infer unavailable local or causal effects.
一手来源: 是
官方数据: 是
学术研究: 否
产品二次计算: 否
地理粒度: national
访问层级: public-table

用途：Official reporting distinguishes home, community-based and facility services; used to show that care demand is translated through multiple service settings, not a single market打开原始网站 ↗

韩国

Ministry of Data and Statistics / Statistics Korea

官方统计actual

Administrative Statistics by Life Cycle in 2024

来源 ID：KR_KOSTAT_LIFECYCLE_2024

统计时点：Population and household indicators as of 2024; exact dates vary by indicator.版本：2024 administrative statistics发布：2025来源复核：2026-08-28

时间范围: 2024
变量: population by life stage、households、employment and income、housing and family indicators
更新频率: one-off release or revision
数据限制: Use the source's own definitions and reference dates; do not infer unavailable local or causal effects.
一手来源: 是
官方数据: 是
学术研究: 否
产品二次计算: 否
地理粒度: national
访问层级: public-table

用途：Official evidence for life-cycle differences in population, households, employment, income and medical spending. 打开原始网站 ↗

中国

China National Committee on Ageing

官方统计actual

2024 Statistical Bulletin on the Development of the Ageing Undertaking

来源 ID：CN_CAA_AGEING_2024

统计时点：Year-end 2024 service facilities and beds.版本：2024 year-end发布：2025来源复核：缺少复核记录

时间范围: 2024
变量: older population、aging indicators、old-age support、elder-care development indicators
更新频率: one-off release or revision
数据限制: Use the source's own definitions and reference dates; do not infer unavailable local or causal effects.
一手来源: 是
官方数据: 是
学术研究: 否
产品二次计算: 否
地理粒度: national
访问层级: public-table

用途：Official reference for China's community-based elder-care service supply and age-friendly home modification progress打开原始网站 ↗

日本

Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism (Japan)

官方统计actual

White Paper on Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism in Japan 2025 — Service supply constraints caused by labor shortages

来源 ID：JP_MLIT_TRANSPORT_WHITEPAPER_2025

统计时点：Transport-industry survey and administrative reporting; individual indicators use their stated survey periods.版本：2025 White Paper发布：2025来源复核：缺少复核记录

时间范围: 2025
变量: transport demand、labor shortage、service supply、regional mobility
更新频率: one-off release or revision
数据限制: Use the source's own definitions and reference dates; do not infer unavailable local or causal effects.
一手来源: 是
官方数据: 是
学术研究: 否
产品二次计算: 否
地理粒度: national
访问层级: public-table

用途：Official evidence for labor-shortage-related service reductions in Japanese local bus operations; used as a public-service availability case, not as a China forecast打开原始网站 ↗

中国

State Council of the People's Republic of China / National People's Congress

官方政策/报告actual

Report on advancing the elder-care service system and care for disabled older persons

来源 ID：CN_NPC_LONG_TERM_CARE_REPORT_2024

统计时点：Policy report; cited personnel indicators use the reporting period stated in the report.版本：State Council report to the NPC发布：2024来源复核：缺少复核记录

时间范围: 2024
变量: elder-care services、services for older persons with disabilities、institutional capacity、policy measures
更新频率: one-off release or revision
数据限制: Use the source's own definitions and reference dates; do not infer unavailable local or causal effects.
一手来源: 是
官方数据: 是
学术研究: 否
产品二次计算: 否
地理粒度: national
访问层级: public-table

用途：Official report identifying insufficient and high-turnover elder-care personnel; used to establish a current staffing constraint, not a national estimate of all service coverage打开原始网站 ↗

中国

National Bureau of Statistics of China

官方/国际方法actual

统计用区划代码和城乡划分代码库 / 编制规则

来源 ID：CN_NBS_STATISTICAL_DIVISION_CODES

统计时点：具体代码以对应年度官方行政区划代码库为准；规则说明不等同于某一年度完整代码快照。版本：current official coding rules and code library reference发布：ongoing来源复核：缺少复核记录

时间范围: ongoing
变量: official administrative code、administrative level、division name、boundary version、urban-rural code rules
更新频率: annual / change-specific
数据限制: 规则页不直接提供已对齐的跨年度县级实体面板；纵向拼接必须保留版本并登记更名、改码、合并、拆分和边界变化。
一手来源: 是
官方数据: 是
学术研究: 否
产品二次计算: 否
地理粒度: national standard / province / prefecture / county
访问层级: public-web

用途：用于建立 placeId、officialCode、boundaryVersion 和变更映射的来源登记。当前项目只建立契约，尚未导入全量县级代码与变更记录。打开原始网站 ↗

中国

National Bureau of Statistics of China

官方统计actual

China Population Census County Data — 2020 census migration and county tables

来源 ID：CN_NBS_2020_CENSUS_COUNTY_MIGRATION

统计时点：Seventh National Population Census reference date: November 1, 2020.版本：2020 census county reference materials发布：2023来源复核：缺少复核记录

时间范围: 2020
变量: county population、age structure、place of residence five years earlier、migration reasons
更新频率: census / one-off release
数据限制: Public tables do not directly provide a unified national county × age × net-migration panel; county boundary reconciliation is required.
一手来源: 是
官方数据: 是
学术研究: 否
产品二次计算: 否
地理粒度: county
访问层级: public-table

用途：Used to assess the availability and limits of county-level age and migration tables; it does not by itself provide a complete county × age × net-migration panel打开原始网站 ↗

国际

UNESCO Institute for Statistics

官方/国际方法mixed

Methodological resources for education indicators and teacher demand

来源 ID：UIS_TEACHER_DEMAND_METHOD

统计时点：Methodology and indicator definitions; see individual indicator metadata.版本：current methodology page发布：ongoing来源复核：缺少复核记录

时间范围: methodology / ongoing
变量: school-age population、enrolment、pupil-teacher ratio、teacher attrition、teacher stock
更新频率: methodology updates
数据限制: International indicator definitions are not a substitute for China's local staffing and establishment rules.
一手来源: 是
官方数据: 是
学术研究: 否
产品二次计算: 否
地理粒度: global / country
访问层级: public-web

用途：Methodological reference for linking school-age population, enrolment, pupil-teacher ratio, teacher stock, attrition and recruitment; China-specific staffing rules remain primary打开原始网站 ↗

国际

Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development

官方政策/报告mixed

Access and cost of education and health services in regions

来源 ID：OECD_ACCESS_COST_EDUCATION_HEALTH

统计时点：See publication-specific indicator definitions.版本：publication and methodological resources发布：ongoing来源复核：缺少复核记录

时间范围: publication-specific
变量: service demand、accessibility、distance、cost、scale economies、staffing
更新频率: publication-specific
数据限制: Comparative framework, not a China county estimate or a fixed consolidation threshold.
一手来源: 是
官方数据: 是
学术研究: 否
产品二次计算: 否
地理粒度: regional / local case
访问层级: public-web

用途：Research framework reference for demand, service cost, distance/accessibility, scale economies and staffing constraints in shrinking regions打开原始网站 ↗

国际

European Commission / Eurostat

官方/国际方法projection

Population projections methodology

来源 ID：EUROSTAT_POPULATION_PROJECTIONS_METHOD

统计时点：Projection methodology and scenario definitions; see dataset metadata.版本：current methodology page发布：ongoing来源复核：缺少复核记录

时间范围: methodology / ongoing
变量: fertility、mortality、migration、scenario assumptions
更新频率: methodology updates
数据限制: Methodological reference only; does not provide China-specific results.
一手来源: 是
官方数据: 是
学术研究: 否
产品二次计算: 否
地理粒度: regional / country
访问层级: public-web

用途：Reference for communicating projection as a what-if scenario rather than a certain future打开原始网站 ↗

国际

Center for Demography and Ecology, University of Wisconsin–Madison

学术研究estimate

County-level net migration estimation documentation

来源 ID：US_CDE_COUNTY_NET_MIGRATION_METHOD

统计时点：County estimates aligned to the documented census and intercensal periods.版本：2000–2010 documentation发布：2013来源复核：缺少复核记录

时间范围: 2000–2010 method example
变量: age-specific population、survival、net migration residual、county boundaries
更新频率: one-off methodological document
数据限制: US method; not a China data source and not a replacement for observed Chinese county migration.
一手来源: 否
官方数据: 否
学术研究: 是
产品二次计算: 否
地理粒度: county
访问层级: public-download

用途：Method reference for forward cohort residual estimation; China use requires explicit survival assumptions, boundary reconciliation and estimate labeling打开原始网站 ↗

中国

Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China

官方统计actual

小学教育专任教师分专业技术职务、分年龄结构情况

来源 ID：CN_MOE_2024_PRIMARY_TEACHER_AGE

统计时点：2024 education statistics year版本：2024 education statistics发布：2025来源复核：缺少复核记录

时间范围: 2024
变量: full_time_teachers、female_teachers、teacher_age_group、professional_rank
更新频率: annual
数据限制: Only national aggregate; cannot resolve local teacher stock or retirement gaps.
一手来源: 是
官方数据: 是
学术研究: 否
产品二次计算: 否
地理粒度: national
访问层级: public-table

用途：全国小学专任教师年龄和专业技术职务结构；不能得到县级×年龄×学科教师存量、退休年份、编制状态或招聘流失。打开原始网站 ↗

中国

Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China

官方统计actual

初中阶段教育专任教师分专业技术职务、分年龄结构情况

来源 ID：CN_MOE_2024_JUNIOR_TEACHER_AGE

统计时点：2024 education statistics year版本：2024 education statistics发布：2025来源复核：缺少复核记录

时间范围: 2024
变量: full_time_teachers、female_teachers、teacher_age_group、professional_rank、urban_rural_area
更新频率: annual
数据限制: Urban/town/rural groups are not an administrative county panel.
一手来源: 是
官方数据: 是
学术研究: 否
产品二次计算: 否
地理粒度: national / urban-rural group
访问层级: public-table

用途：全国初中专任教师年龄、职务及城区/镇区/乡村分组；不提供省县年龄×学科、退休计划或编制状态。打开原始网站 ↗

中国

Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China

官方统计actual

普通高中教育专任教师分专业技术职务、分年龄结构情况

来源 ID：CN_MOE_2024_SENIOR_TEACHER_AGE

统计时点：2024 education statistics year版本：2024 education statistics发布：2025来源复核：缺少复核记录

时间范围: 2024
变量: full_time_teachers、female_teachers、teacher_age_group、professional_rank
更新频率: annual
数据限制: No province/county age structure, subject structure, retirement, recruitment or attrition fields.
一手来源: 是
官方数据: 是
学术研究: 否
产品二次计算: 否
地理粒度: national
访问层级: public-table

用途：全国普通高中专任教师年龄和职务结构；不能直接作为地方教师需求预测。打开原始网站 ↗

中国

Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China

官方统计actual

2024年教育统计数据——各地基本情况

来源 ID：CN_MOE_EDU_STATS_2024_REGIONAL_BASIC

统计时点：2024 education statistics year版本：2024 education statistics发布：2025来源复核：缺少复核记录

时间范围: 2024
变量: schools、teaching_sites、classes、entrants、enrolment、graduates、full_time_teachers、educational_personnel、professional_rank、academic_qualification
更新频率: annual
数据限制: Province-level annual cross-section; cannot describe within-county concentration, accessibility, school capacity or teacher age.
一手来源: 是
官方数据: 是
学术研究: 否
产品二次计算: 否
地理粒度: province
访问层级: public-table

用途：省级学校、教学点、班级、学生、毕业生和专任教师基础数据目录；实际使用时保留具体子表 URL，不下沉为县域关系。打开原始网站 ↗

中国

Central Office for Public Sector Reform / Ministry of Education / Ministry of Finance

官方政策/报告actual

关于统一城乡中小学教职工编制标准的通知

来源 ID：CN_MOE_SCHOOL_STAFFING_STANDARD_2014

统计时点：Policy issued 2014-12-09; ongoing policy reference subject to later local implementation.版本：中央编办发〔2014〕72号发布：2014来源复核：缺少复核记录

时间范围: 2014–
变量: staff_student_ratio_primary、staff_student_ratio_junior_secondary、staff_student_ratio_senior_secondary、class_staffing_adjustment、county_level_staff_allocation
更新频率: policy reference
数据限制: National baseline does not replace local staffing, class, boarding, subject and county implementation rules.
一手来源: 是
官方数据: 是
学术研究: 否
产品二次计算: 否
地理粒度: national policy
访问层级: public-policy

用途：National baseline: primary 1:19, junior secondary 1:13.5, senior secondary 1:12.5; this is staffing standard, not observed pupil-teacher ratio打开原始网站 ↗

中国

General Office of the State Council of the People's Republic of China

官方政策/报告actual

关于全面加强乡村小规模学校和乡镇寄宿制学校建设的指导意见

来源 ID：CN_GOSC_RURAL_SMALL_SCHOOLS_2018

统计时点：Policy issued 2018-04-25; implementation targets mainly to 2020.版本：国办发〔2018〕27号发布：2018来源复核：缺少复核记录

时间范围: 2018–
变量: school_size、school_layout、school_consolidation、commute_time、boarding、student_accessibility、staffing_adjustment、class_staff_ratio、school_reopening
更新频率: policy reference
数据限制: Policy is not a school closure dataset and does not imply population decline automatically causes closure.
一手来源: 是
官方数据: 是
学术研究: 否
产品二次计算: 否
地理粒度: national policy / county implementation
访问层级: public-policy

用途：Defines rural small schools and requires scientific evaluation, necessary retention, build-before-withdrawal, transition and accessibility considerations; no mechanical closure threshold打开原始网站 ↗